Tag Archives: anthropology

World of 7 Billion Wall Chart  Human population on the planet is estimated by the UN to reach 7 Billion by the end of this month.  How did we get here, and what does it mean?  This informative poster gives … Continue reading

Occupied Lands

I’m mostly hopeful about the promise of the “Occupy” movement.   One of the oft-reported weaknesses of the movement is the lack of a unified message.  But this criticism overlooks the essence of the thing: all of these varied concerns have sprouted from the same root.  Where the less-thoughtful of the media see a bunch of different demands from a disorderly gathering of unkempt kids, I hear varied perspectives on the same core issue.

One unifying slogan – “Human Needs over Corporate Greed” – seems to encompass the bulk of the message.  But not everyone understands immediately that human needs include the long-term vitality of ecosystems (and as little climate destabilization as can be obtained at this late date), health maintenance and health care (not just treating the sick, but providing adequate nutrition, clean air and clean water to all), access to educational opportunities (without being tied into debt) and a commitment to justice and true democracy.

I think, I hope, that this movement is a demand for a NEW SYSTEM in which people can be assured opportunities to do all the work that so needs doing, and a system where their needs will be met while doing it.  It’s okay that we don’t know what this system will look like yet.  What’s clear, what’s being protested, are the things that are most actively blocking the chance for something new to grow.

And already, within the movement, are the critiques.  These are valuable.  These are distracting, yes, but we ignore them at our peril.  As Frank Herbert said, “A beginning is the time for taking the most delicate care that the balances are correct.”  One of the most important considerations has to do with indigenous perspectives on the name of the movement:

What “Wall Street” and the U.S. have become — an imperial-colonial power over the world’s economics and the laws that protect it — is a direct legacy of the fraud and violence committed against Native nations.

Perhaps those who now claim to OCCUPY WALL STREET in the name of reforming America’s economy could remember their history and call it something else (see Racialicious’ post for more discussion of the importance of language in opposition). Wall Street is, after all, already an occupied territory.

As are all of U.S. land “holdings” in northern America, the Pacific, and the Caribbean.

Decolonize the opposition!

(especially now that it is OCCUPYING L.A., Seattle, San Francisco, Chicago….)

via Tequila Sovereign: Manna-hata.

Perhaps the movement will find a new and better name as it develops.  I hope that the thoughtfulness, the questioning, is retained as essential to the movement’s well-being.  The importance of the core unifying principle should provide the coherence to prevent disagreements from becoming faultlines.

The people in power (and no, I don’t so much mean elected officials, I mean unaccountable power that comes from concentrated wealth, and the commercial-funded media mouthpieces for such power) want to ridicule what is happening.  They don’t perceive that this is the birth of something new; they only see it as opposing the status quo (which it is), and therefore they link it to older, more familiar terms that were seen as opposition to capitalism (e.g. communism or socialism).  But all of those bear the same underlying structure – the same genes as capitalism - for centralization, domination and short-term thinking.  My hope is that the new generation of activists is a movement away from those old systems of thought.   It hasn’t yet matured into an -ism, and with luck, foresight and courage it may never do so.

I won’t claim to know where this movement is going.  But just the choice speak out, to ask our civilization to change course at all from our headlong rush to ecological and cultural collapse is an improvement, a step away from the wrong direction that just might lead to steps in the right direction.

Save the Knoll

A local site in Santa Cruz is in dispute. Remains attributed to the native Ohlone tribe have been found, with the site dating back about 6000 years. Local Ohlone heroine Ann Marie Sayers, along with local archaeologists, anthropologists and community members, are petitioning the city government to respect the sacred nature of the site and halt “development” work there.

About the Knoll | Save the Knoll - activist site with online petition

Ancient Ohlone Village and Burial Site Uncovered in Santa Cruz - news article

Hygene and Its Discontents

Up to my eyeballs in preparations for Monday’s start of the new semester, so I’m re-posting a bit I initially published on 6/22/04 at http://rattlebrain.com/~apegrrl/blog040622.htm

Hygene and Its Discontents

While doing as Nature intended this morning, I began to think about a conversation I had in Indonesia a few years ago.  My Indonesian friend pointed out that Westerners are so wasteful they even throw paper away every time they take a crap.

You must understand that in Indonesia (and much of Asia, I believe), standard practice involves no toilet paper.

squatting vs. sitting - the changes to the rectum and puborectalis muscle

Instead of sitting on a throne, one squats over a hole (this has the benefit of being a bit more natural of a position for this task, supposedly improving the expelling function and
perhaps making things a bit more tidy – not to mention the extra muscle tone you develop as you incorporate such squatting in your daily routine).

Indonesian Kamar Mandi
Indonesian Kamar Mandi

To cleanse afterward, one scoops water out of the adjacent basin (or bucket in more rustic settings) with a dipper (holding the dipper in the right hand) and pours some water onto the left hand, which can then be used to clean oneself (this is why it’s considered rude to use the left hand for eating, touching others or passing items to others).   Then you wash your hands off (over the toilet, ideally, though in nicer places there’s another drain on the floor, or even an honest-ta-god sink), and use the remaining water in your dipper to flush your effluents down the hole.  Just like in Western plumbing, an S-curve just below the drain hole allows for water to make a barrier between your restroom and the raw sewage and its odors further down the line.  In fairly posh arrangements, there are hand holds to help you get in and out of position, little foot-rests to keep your feet above the potentially wet floor, flip-flops just for bathroom use located conveniently at the door, and everything is beautifully tiled up to about three feet high.

There are several advantages to this commode-use technique.  Unlike Western flush toilets, you determine exactly how much water is required to get everything flushed.  And of course, you don’t use toilet paper (also makes it less prone to irritation of your sensitive spots).  Having attempted similar procedures where there was a sit-down semi-Western toilet, but a basin and no TP, I can tell you that it doesn’t work as well in this arrangement.

kamar kecil in Padangbai (note soggy TP)

It seems that Asian-style restroom arrangements are actually much more efficient with water, and infinitely less wasteful when it comes to trees.  Even those of us who buy 100% recycled, unbleached, and otherwise innocuous TP are still throwing away paper pulp that might better be used for printing political screeds and bumper stickers.  The water and energy that goes into (even recycled) paper production is substantial, and then there’s the fuel cost of transporting all those rolls of fluffy, white tree pulp from the factory to your bum.  The lack of TP in the process could be a boon to those using septic tanks or composting toilets.

Could us decadent Westerners make the switch?  All the European and American researchers working where I was managed to get reasonably comfortable with it in a couple weeks, though most of us considered it a great luxury to go in a Western-style bathroom when we got back to town and stayed at a hotel.  Just like learning a language, or learning how to carry heavy loads on your head (something women in Central Africa do without any strain or wobbling), voiding one’s waste Asian-style is probably best learned in childhood, but you can develop some proficiency as an adult.  The biggest barrier (after overcoming irrational squeamishness at using a non-paper-protected hand to wipe your ass) is the architecture of all our bathrooms.  Oh, and just like with composting toilets and straw-bale houses, there might be some building and health codes to work around.  Of course, there’d be huge materials cost/waste issues in remodeling existing bathrooms, but if all new buildings and otherwise-planned remodels included making this switch, what a difference that could make.

The Attacks on Climate Science Education Are Picking Up Steam And I thought teaching about human evolution was fraught with peril.  Now this… What’s currently seeping into classrooms across the country is far, far worse—more ideological, and more difficult to … Continue reading

Reconciling With Darwin | What Would Jesus Eat?

Re-posting some thoughtful comments on the relationship between science and religion, particularly in regards to evolution.  WWJE is writing as, I believe, a religious-minded person. As a scientist who teaches evolutionary biology, I appreciate the perspective on the work of Stephen Jay Gould and the importance of understanding evolution in our work to, in Caroline Casey’s parlance “be conservative creationists (because we want to conserve all Creation).”  Here’s a taste of WWJE’s approach:

Common sense is a very poor guide to scientific insight for it represents cultural prejudice more often than it reflects the native honesty of a small boy before the naked emperor. ([Stephen Jay Gould, 1977, Ever Since Darwin: Reflections on Natural History] p.109)

I have said often, though perhaps not on the blog, that I don’t believe in common sense. I don’t know what it is or where it comes from. Common sense is a nonsensical appeal to non-existent wisdom. Standing before the emperor and being willing to speak aloud the fact that he is naked is no small task for religion or science, because as social creatures we are bent towards conformity. However, we have reached a place where as a species we face the fate of lemmings if we do not speak up.

Throughout the book Gould makes claims about the world and evolutionary theory based on what science can tell us right now (or at least in 1977). Yet the last sentence of the book reveals the kind of stance he takes as a scientist, always willing to be swayed by evidence and never wishing to become an irrational dogmatist.

I will rejoice in the multifariousness of nature and leave the chimera of certainty to politicians and preachers. (271)

This, I believe, is the humble stance of the human being that is both “ordinary and special”, unique among creatures, but not apart or above in any way. This is the kind of thinking our world needs for its own salvation.

via Reconciling With Darwin | What Would Jesus Eat?.

Gift Economics (and Free Hugs)

I came across this intriguing essay on the gift economy.

Want to fix the economy?

Next time you buy coffee, purchase a cup for the person behind you. Or as you grind your way through the morning commute, pick up the tollbooth charge for the driver behind you, draped over his steering wheel and ranting at the long delay.

You’ve heard that famous Gandhian quote about being the change, well these are good measures to start with, packing more punch than you might imagine…

It makes some nice points, but (of course) a couple of things about it bother me:

1. It’s still so “bought into” the money culture.  Not just the “buy something for the person in line behind you” but what that something is and where the lines are:  toll booths and take-out coffee… arrrgh! It’s not just the money culture, it’s the car culture, the disposable culture, the drive-through convenience culture.

2.  I thought about what I might do that was a “gift” act while not being so beholden to the money culture and car culture.  What could I give someone that I know they would appreciate and use?  I envisioned making some muffins or somesuch, and taking them to the guys who hang out in front of the parking lot of the local big-box home repair place (and one for whoever took the prime panhandling spot today, at the island in the middle of the street at the nearby big intersection).  But I realized that this wouldn’t result in a pay-it-forward cycle.  Where there is genuine need, that ripple doesn’t actually spread.  The gift itself may be appreciated, but probably with that twinge of uncomfortableness that comes from being part of a culture that says begging is wrong, and getting charity is wrong.  But their means to pay-it-forward are limited.  Perhaps their friendlier or more helpful that day.  I suppose that should be enough, but I wonder.

And, along with that is the trust problem.  If I gave food that I made to some stranger less in need, it would probably be discarded, and not paid forward.  They would be too creeped-out to eat it, too suspicious that someone would just give them something of value. It’s like the inclination I have every Halloween, to bake something or give fresh fruit and thereby avoid pre-packaged crap.  Only, parents wouldn’t let their kids eat non-pre-packaged food… it’s not “safe” to take food that a stranger might have tampered with.  The toll-booth and the take-out coffee work because the gift is really just money,  just paying for something that they were about to pay for anyway.

How did we come to this level of craziness?  I suspect the Halloween issue is media-driven, and I don’t think it’s beyond the pale to imagine that packaged candy manufacturers put pressure on some media/advertising outlets to hype the razor-blade-in-the-apple or poisoned-cookies stories they might come across, just to ensure that only factory-processed, individually-wrapped treats will be considered acceptable.  Humans have offered food to other humans, even strangers, for millenia – probably since before we were recognizably Homo sapiens.  Only in the last few decades, inside the money culture, did this become a source of suspicion and mistrust.  Heck, even free hugs are met with skepticism, and were outright banned in some places.  And who wouldn’t want a FREE HUG!?!?!?!?!

 >

 

And then, of course, there’s the getting off my butt and going out and doing something part of this equation.  Free hugs, homemade treats, whatever… making the time, garnering the ambition and courage… it all sounds highly unlikely.  But maybe, later today, or someday soon, it will come to me.  How about you?

A Declaration of Interdependence: Re-imagining Independence Day

Re-imagining Independence Day

It’s that time of year again.  Here in our little coastal paradise, hordes or barbarians descend to get out of the inland heat, char some animal flesh, and blow things up on the beach.

So a year after working so passionately on devising a new Independence/Interdependence Day celebration, where do things stand?

One thought I’ve had has to do with the dynamic tension between the two possible sentiments: Independence ~ Interdependence (as Eamonn Kelly would put it).  Both are present and necessary in these challenging times.

From an artistic perspective,  independence is about the negative space: breaking away from that which we no longer need.  There are other examples of the power of this negative-space perspective; the language of the Ten Commandments, the resistance movements of the Arab Spring, and many crucial environmental movements have been drawn around the negative space, with “Thou Shalt Not…” language and a call to STOP doing wrong.  This is Michelangelo, knocking away the unwanted bits of marble to free the glorious figure within.

Interdependence, of course, is the language of the weaver, finding the gossamer connections between the things. The first peoples of Turtle Island/North America spoke of  Grandmother Spider, who knew a thing or two about interdependence.  This is not a wisdom taught as commonly in the dominant, Euro-derived culture.  It is a harder thing to see the immaterial links between, the pattern which connects and keeps communities, civilizations and ecosystems whole and healthy.

So, this year, I celebrate and embrace both, entwined as they are in their powerful dance.  I declare Independence ~ Interdependence!

Saying TATA to TINA (without looking like some kind of loony)

The Money Culture, Part 5

As the Cold War drew to a close and the Soviet Union began to collapse, Maggie Thatcher said of capitalism and the Washington Consensus “There Is No Alternative.”  The antidote to this is Susan George‘s “There are Thousands of Alternatives.”  While TINA and TATA make handy acronyms for these different perspectives, the TATA argument is all-to-readily dismissed by people who claim the mantle of history: “socialist” states collapsed, and even during the Great Recession it doesn’t look like the US, England or Germany are going to collapse this week, so we won, so that proves we were right and everything else is unfeasable, neener-neener-neener… (I exaggerate, of course, but only a little.)

This week, The Nation has a series of articles under the title “Reimagining Captialism.”  But with the exception of Eugene McCarraher’s article (and to some extent Dirk Philipsen’s article on replacing the GDP with something like Bhutan’s Gross National Happiness as a better measure of how well we’re doing), none of the other dozen or so authors dared to suggest that the solution to “the intractably mercenary nature of capitalism” might be to abandon capitalism altogether.

What some of the more radical thinkers to address this issue say is that neither capitalism nor socialism/communism as it has been practiced are tenable choices.  True, capitalism managed not to self-destruct quite yet, but the cracks are definitely showing.  But folks like Rianne Eisler and the Venus Project visonaries/loonies (and, hey, me too) posit that these economic systems have certain flaws in common, that they are both part of the same mindset.  According to the Venus Project, both were based on a model of material scarcity and the now-false notion that there isn’t enough food/energy/ingenuity to go around unless people work very hard to obtain it.  In The Real Wealth of Nations, Eisler explains that both capitalist and  have been based on a “dominator” model of human interaction (as opposed to a “cooperator” model). Or, as McCarraher  puts it:

Capitalism stands condemned most profoundly not by its maldistribution of wealth or its ecological despoliation but by its systematic cultivation of people inclined toward injustice and predation.

Donnella Meadows explained that many seemingly intractable problems are the result of systems wherein the function or goal is not defined well:

If the goal is defined badly, if it doesn’t measure what it’s supposed to measure, if it doesn’t reflect the real welfare of the system, then the system cannot possibly produce a desired result.  Systems, like the three wishes in the traditional fairy tale, have a terrible tendency to produce exactly and only what you ask them to produce. (Thinking in Systems: A Primer, p. 138)

This is part of the problem with GDP/GNPs and the advantage of alternatives like Gross National Happiness as the measure of system success.  To sum it up even more simply, Meadows said:

The best way to deduce the system’s purpose is to watch for a while to see how the system behaves.(Thinking in Systems: A Primer, p. 14)

How does the money culture behave?  What does it do?  What does it fail to do? They might say TINA, but it seems evident that capitalism and the money culture provide very poor ways to measure things that are actually desirable.

The Kitchen Curmudgeon is working on  GUTGWWW: The Grand Unified Theory of Getting What We Want (pronounced “gutgoo”), but her focus is on process.  What I’ve learned from Meadows’ work is that a better place to begin is articulating What We Want, and finding ways to measure and evaluate progress toward that goal that don’t just measure effort, but in some way signal that we actually are progressing. If “There are Thousands of Alternatives,” there should be some of those that have a better defined function/goal than the money culture.

Bhutan’s GNH Index sets out to measure the following nine dimensions that they decided were good cultural indicators of what they wanted:

GNH Domains 
- Time use 
- Living Standards 
- Good Governance 
- Psychological Wellbeing 
- Community Vitality 
- Culture 
- Health 
- Education 
- Ecology 

It seems like a place to start.

So, what do we want, and how do we define those goals? How will we measure progress?  Then let’s get to work on the GUTGWWW.

TATA for now!

Embracing the Anthropocene

Embracing the Anthropocene – NYTimes.com.

An important look at our capacity to change our home planet, and how we choose to think about it.  Revkin’s thoughtful comments include:

Earth is what we choose to make of it, for better or worse.
Taking full ownership of the Anthropocene won’t be easy. The necessary feeling is a queasy mix of excitement and unease. I’ve compared it to waking up in the first car on the first run of a new roller coaster that hasn’t been examined fully by engineers.

What, you may ask, is the Anthropocene?  It’s a term coined in 2002 for the geologic epoch we find ourselves in, where humans have made sufficient changes to atmospheric and ocean chemistry, not to mention caused or contributed to the extinction of such a large number of species, that it will be detectable later in the geologic and fossil record.

“The Apocalypse?  You’re soaking in it.”
– Lindsay, Angel

Only, it’s up to us to decide how to cope.  We can even choose to build something better.  Or, as Stewart Brand once said:

We are as gods; we might as well get good at it.

To learn more about it, check out what National Geographic had to say on it – complete with photos!